2024 NECO Civic Education Examination Answers
(5a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Non-governmental
(ii) Voluntary participation
(iii) Advocacy for public interest
(iv) Non-profit orientation
(v) Accountability and Transparency
(vi) Grassroots or community-based approach
(vii) Promotion of civic participation
(5b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Funding Challenges:
Many Civil Society Organisations face financial difficulties due to limited access to funding or over-reliance on foreign donors, which can limit their operational capacity and sustainability. This lack of funding affects their ability to execute long-term projects effectively.
(ii) Government Interference: There is often interference from the government, including restrictive regulations, intimidation, or attempts to control their activities, especially when their work involves criticizing government policies. Such interference stifles their independence and limits their advocacy efforts.
(iii) Lack of Public Awareness: Many Nigerians are unaware of the role and importance of Civil Society Organisations, which leads to limited public support and engagement in their activities. This hinders their ability to mobilize grassroots participation and achieve their objectives.
(iv) Corruption and Mismanagement: Some Civil Society Organisations face internal issues such as mismanagement of funds or lack of transparency, which tarnishes their credibility and effectiveness. This also discourages donors and partners from supporting their initiatives.
(v) Political Polarization:
Civil Society Organisations may be accused of being partisan or used as tools by political parties, which undermines their neutrality and mission. This often creates tension and reduces their acceptance by certain segments of society.
(vi) Security Challenges: Insecurity, such as terrorism, banditry, and kidnappings, especially in conflict zones, hinders Civil Society Organisations’ ability to operate effectively in affected areas. This also endangers the lives of their staff and volunteers.
(vii) Limited Capacity and Expertise:
Some Civil Society Organisations lack the necessary skills, training, and resources to design and implement impactful programs or policies. This reduces their ability to address complex societal issues effectively.
(viii) Weak Collaboration and Networking:
There is often poor coordination and collaboration among Civil Society Organisations, which leads to duplication of efforts and inefficiency in achieving common goals. Stronger networks could help amplify their voices and increase their impact.
(ix) Cultural and Religious Barriers:
Traditional beliefs and religious sensitivities in some communities may oppose the goals or methods of Civil Society Organisations, particularly in areas like gender equality and human rights. These barriers make it difficult for Civil Society Organisations to implement programs in such communities.
(6)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Enhancing Public Awareness: The government should organize nationwide campaigns to educate the public on the dangers of cultism. Awareness programs in schools, religious institutions, and media outlets can emphasize the consequences of cultism, such as violence, loss of lives, and disruption of societal harmony.
(ii) Strengthening Educational Curricula: Incorporating moral and civic education in school curricula can help instill values of discipline, respect, and good citizenship. Guidance and counseling services in schools should also be improved to address students’ emotional and psychological needs, which cult groups often exploit.
(iii) Providing Youth Empowerment Programs: Unemployment and lack of opportunities drive many youths toward cultism. The government should create skill acquisition programs, entrepreneurship initiatives, and job opportunities to engage young people productively and discourage criminal behavior.
(iv) Strict Law Enforcement: The government must enact and enforce stricter laws against cult-related activities. Special units in law enforcement agencies should be trained to investigate and dismantle cult groups, while offenders should face swift and fair trials to deter others.
(v) Promoting Community Policing: Community leaders, law enforcement, and residents should collaborate to identify and prevent cult-related activities. Community policing fosters trust and ensures timely reporting of suspicious activities, making it harder for cult groups to operate.
(vi) Rehabilitation Programs for Ex-Cultists: Ex-cult members should be given opportunities for rehabilitation and reintegration into society. Counseling, education, and vocational training programs can help them rebuild their lives and discourage others from joining cults.
(vii) Promote Parental and Community Involvement: The government should educate parents and guardians on their roles in monitoring their children’s activities and instilling good moral values. Community leaders should also be empowered to play active roles in curbing cultism.
(viii) Improve School Security: Schools, especially tertiary institutions, should enhance security measures, such as CCTV cameras and well-trained security personnel, to prevent cult activities on campuses.
(ix) Engagement of Civil Society Organizations: Encourage collaboration with Civil Society Organizations to organize workshops, campaigns, and programs focused on curbing cultism. Civil Society Organizations can also serve as watchdogs and advocates for anti-cultism policies.
(x) Provision of Recreational Facilities: Government should invest in recreational centers and sports facilities where youths can channel their energy into positive activities rather than being lured into cultism
(7a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Human trafficking is the illegal recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of persons through force, fraud, coercion, or deception, for the purpose of exploitation, such as forced labour, sexual exploitation, organ harvesting, or servitude. It is a serious violation of human rights and a form of modern-day slavery.
(7b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Poverty: Many families struggle to meet basic needs and view opportunities abroad as a way out of their economic difficulties. Traffickers exploit this desperation, offering promises of employment or better living conditions, which often lead victims into forced labor or exploitation.
(ii) Lack of Education and Awareness: Limited access to education leaves many individuals vulnerable to deception. Uneducated individuals are often unaware of the dangers of trafficking and may not recognize fraudulent offers of jobs or scholarships. A lack of awareness campaigns also means many communities do not understand the risks or how to prevent trafficking.
(iii) Unemployment and Economic Instability: High unemployment rates, especially among young people, push many to seek opportunities elsewhere, even through irregular migration channels. Traffickers prey on these individuals by promising them lucrative jobs in other countries, which often turn out to be exploitative.
(iv) Corruption: Corruption within government and law enforcement agencies can enable traffickers to operate with impunity. Bribery and lack of enforcement allow human traffickers to continue their activities undisturbed.
(v) Cultural Practices: Harmful traditional practices, such as child fostering or early marriages, can sometimes lead to trafficking. In some communities, children are sent to live with relatives or strangers under the guise of seeking better opportunities, but this can lead to exploitation, forced labor, or sexual abuse.
(vi) Weak Law Enforcement: Ineffective implementation of anti-trafficking laws and corruption within law enforcement agencies enable traffickers to operate freely. Victims are often unable to seek justice due to the lack of adequate protection mechanisms or the involvement of officials.
(vii) Demand for Cheap Labour and Sexual Exploitation: The global demand for cheap labor and commercial sex fuels trafficking networks. Victims from Nigeria are often transported to other countries to meet these demands, creating a lucrative business for traffickers.
(viii) Conflict and Displacement: Ongoing insurgencies, like Boko Haram in the northeast, have led to massive displacement. Vulnerable populations, particularly women and children, are at high risk of being trafficked by armed groups or criminal networks.